What is the role of the refrigerant in an HVAC system?

The refrigerant plays a crucial role in the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system by absorbing and releasing heat during the processes of evaporation and condensation. In a typical refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant evaporates in the evaporator coil, absorbing heat from the indoor environment, which cools the air in the space. As the refrigerant absorbs heat, it changes from a low-pressure liquid to a low-pressure vapor.

The refrigerant then travels to the compressor, where it is compressed into a high-pressure vapor. Moving on to the condenser, the refrigerant releases the absorbed heat to the outside air, condensing back into a high-pressure liquid. This continuous cycle of heat absorption and release is fundamental to the operation of an HVAC system, allowing it to regulate indoor temperatures effectively.

The other options provide functions that are not related to the purpose of the refrigerant. Distributing air throughout the building, filtering, purifying indoor air, and supplying electrical power are all carried out by different components in the HVAC system, such as the blower fan, air filters, and electrical systems. The refrigerant's primary function is specifically focused on heat transfer, making it vital for climate control in buildings.